Tellurian.



PATENTBD FEB. 10, 1903.

E. P. GRAM.

TELLURIAN.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT. a, 1902.

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N0 MODEL.

ATTORNEYS we Nonms PETERS no.. pHoro-uwe.. wAsmNnwN. n. c.

No. 720,017. PATENTED FEB. 10,v 1903.l E. P. GRAM.

TELLURIAN..

APPLICATION FILED SEPT. 8, 1902. N0 MODEL. 2 SEETS-SHEET 2.

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NITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

EVAN P. GRAM, OF LINCOLN, ILLINOIS.

TEnLURlAN.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 720,017, dated February 10, 1903. Application filed September 8, 1902. Serial No. 122,597. (No model.)

T0 all wil/0111, it may concern:

Be it known that I, EVAN P. GRAM, a citi- -zen of the United States of America, residing at Lincoln, in the county of Logan and State of Illinois, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Tellurians, of which the following is a specification, reference being had therein to the accompanying drawings,

in which- Figure 1 represents a perspective view, and Fig. 2 a side elevation, of my improved tellurian Figs. 3 and ladetail sectional views showing the hanger for suspending the globerring; Figs. 5, 6, and 7, sectional views of various ways of supporting the globe-carrying arm, which are more fully hereinafter set forth.

The object of this invention is to provide a simple, inexpensive, and compact apparatus that may be employed for giving a physical illustration of the relation of the earth'to the sun, the width of the zones, the location of the tropical and polar circles, the equinoxes, the change of seasons, the variation in the length of the days and nights, the inclination of the earthsY axis, &c.

The invention consists of certain novel features of construction and combinations of parts hereinafter described and claimed.

Referring to the drawings by letters, A designates the standard of the frame, which is preferablyconstructed of light tubing and the lower end of which is threaded centrally throughl a base-plate a, which is provided with a series of pivotal legs or supports a', spreading outward from its respective corners. The standard is so adjusted in the base-plate that its lower end will rest upon the support at the center of the apparatus, and thereby contribute to stability. Attached to a horizontal journal supported in the upper end of the frame is a vertically-rotating arm B, said arm being attached to the journal at a suitable point between its ends and carrying at one end a counterbalance h and at its other end a globe b'. This arm is preferably made of light tubing, and the part to which the globe is attached is provided with a semicircular lateral bend h2, and screwed into the eXtreme end of the bent or curved part is a screw c, on which is loosely hung, between washers c', a hanger o2, which is adjustably connected to the pendent'globe-supporting ring C, within which latter the globe is rotatably supported on pivots representing its axis. With this construction the globeframe and globe will hang freely upon the horizontal screw c, but will have no lateral movement. The lower end of the hanger is notched or bifurcated, so as to embrace the globe-ring, said ring being provided with a lateral circumferential flange c3, which is engaged by an inward-projecting lug c4 on the hanger. With this arrangement the ring may be adjusted on the hanger tolvary the axis of the globe, and in order to lock the parts in their adjusted position a set-screw c5 is threaded through the hanger and adapted to bear upon the side of the ring opposite the flange c3 and lug c4.

To rotate the arm b upon its journal, the

arm is preferably provided at about the cen! ter of its bent portion b2 with a handle h3.

Any suitable devices may b e employed for journaling the globe-carrying arm upon the upper end of the standard. In Fig. 5 the arm is provided with a lateral sleeve d, which lits and rotates within a horizontal tube ol, attached to the upperend ofthe standard, and to fasten said tube removably within its casing a long bolt d2 is passed through the arm and through the tube and is provided on its inner threaded end with a clamp-nut d3. A set-screw d4 is threaded through a nipple on the upper side of tube d' and adapted to bear upon the rotating tube d and canse sufficient friction to prevent the globe-carrying arm revolving too freely, so that said globe-carrying arrn will normally remain at rest at any point of its rotation that the operator may desire to bring itlto a standstill. Inthe form shown in Fig. 6 the bolt cl2 is passed through stationary tube d from the inner end and is screwed tightly into a tube or nipple d5, proje'cting laterallyfrom the arm B, and the setscrew d4 bears directly upon the threads of said bolt. Iu this arrangement theclampnut di isemployed, but, as is obvious, the journal-tube d is omitted. In the arrangement shown in Fig. 7 the construction differs from that shown in Fig. 6 in that the binding-nut d3 is omitted and the bolt is screwed home against the inner end of the tube d',

whereby the set-screw may be brought to bear upon the unthreaded part of the bolt.

The journal-tube (l of Fig. 5 and the nipples or tubes d5 of Figs. 6 and 7 are preferably made integral with a coupling-sleeve d6, employed for detachably connecting together the two parts of the arm B lying at opposite sides of the center of rotation.

Supported in any suitable manner concenv tric with the journal is a disk E, which represents or is symbolical of the sun.

The standard A near the base-plate is provided with asemicircular lateral bend F,which is adapted to permit the globe-ri n gto pass without interference. It will be observed that with this bend F and the similar bend b2 in the globe-carrying arm the said arm and the standard may be brought close together, thus contributing to compactness and stability, and the globe will be caused to bodily rotate approximately in the same vertical plane with the sun-disk. Supported detachably and adjustably upon the standard is an acetylenelamp G, whose burner-tube g extends up under the journal and is provided with two burner-tips g2, one at each side 0f the journal. With this illuminating device the apparatus may be used in the night-time or in a dark room, the gas-jets representing the sun.

In order that the apparatus may be packed in a small compass for shipment and storage, the parts are made detachable-that is to say, the legs are made to fold without detaching from the base-piece, the base-piece detachable from the standard, the lamp from the standard, the globe-carrying arm from the standard, the globe-ring from the swinging arm, and the standard and the swinging arm inay be made of several pieces of tubing connected together by suitable couplings.

It will be observed that with the construction described the globe may be revolved around the sun symbol, its orbit describing a circle around said symbol and showing the perihelion and aphelion by going over and under the sunv symbol in an upright or perpendicular revolution, the globe or earth keeping its axis properly inclined at every point in the orbit, thus showing the cause of the change of the seasons and the variations in the length of day and night. It will also be observed that by attaching an earth or globe carrying ring adjustably to its hanger and supporting the hanger pendent fashion the axis of the earth may be adjusted to any desired inclination or perpendicular to the plane of the earths orbit or the ecliptic.

It will be noted that by making the globe pendent from the extreme end of its carrying-arm the globe will be caused to describe a circle around the sun symbol whose center is at a point below said sun symbol, so that when the globe is vertically over the sunvsymbol it will be at its nearest point to said symbol and will therefore be at the perihelion point of its orbit and that when it is vertically under the sun symbol the globe will be at the aphelion point of its orbit, which is farther from the sun than the perihelion point by a distance equal Ato the diameter of the globe. f In this waya substantially correct physical illustration of the causes of the changes in the seasons will be given.

counterweight and the friction-screwat the journal the earth-carrying arm may be readily rotated and may be stopped and allowed to rest at any point in its rotation; furthermore, that the two lights or gas-jets at the center of rotation afford a practical imitation of the sun when the apparatus is used in a darkenedroom, the rays of iight from these burners illuminating one-half of the globe at every point in its orbit and showing each pole alternately in light and darkness for six months.

It will be obvious that various changes in details of construction may be made without departing from the spirit of this invention, and I desire it understood that I do not limit myself to the exact features of construction shown and described.

What I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

l. In a tellurian,the combination of a standard, a vertically-rotating arm pivotally supported on the standard, a sun symbol at the center of rotation of the arm, and a globe frame or ring pivotally swung from the free end of said arm, so that said ring or frame shall at all points in its rotation depend from the end of said arm, and a globe pivotally supported in this frame, whereby the rotation of the arm will cause the globe to describe a circle around the sun symbol whose center is at a point below the center of said symbol, and the globe may at the same time have an independent rotation on its own axis, for the purposes set forth.

2. In a tellurian,the combination of a standard, an arm supported on a horizontal jonrnal supported in the upper end of said standard, whereby said arm shall have a rotation in a vertical plane, a counterweight at one end of said arm, a pendent globe freely swung from the other end of said arm, a sun symbol at the center of rotation, an adjustable friction device at the journal for checking the rotation of the arm so that it may be stopped at any point in the orbit that the earth describes.

3. In combination with a standard, an arm supported on a horizontal journal supported in the standard, a globe-ring carrying a pivoted globe, a hanger pivotally suspending said globe-ring from the end of said arm, so that the globe-ring shall swing freely vertically but shall have no appreciable lateral swing or oscillation.

4. The combination, a standard, a vertically swinging arm journaled thereon, a hanger pivotally depending from one end of said arm, a globe-ring adjustably connected to said hanger, and a globe pivoted within said ring, for the purposes set forth.

5. The combination, a standard having a It f will be observed also that by. means of the y IIO lateral bend near its lower end, a verteallyl and its frame to pass the standard and the swngngarm supported on a horizontal jourarm Without obstruction during rotation.

nal supported in the upper end of the stand- In testimony whereof I hereunto ax my ard, a counterweight at one end of said arm signature, in the presence of two witnesses,

5 and a pendent globe swung from the other this 5th day of September, 1902.

end of said arm so as,\to always hang vertil cally from its pivotal point, said arm having i EVAN P' GRAM a lateral bend formed in it adjacent tio the Witnesses:

globe, said bend and the bend in the standard JAMES RYAN, lo being for the purpose of permitting the globe DONALD MCCORMICK. 

